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Glass Flowers
The Glass Flowers, formally The Ware Collection of Blaschka Glass Models of Plants, is a famous collection of highly realistic glass botanical models at the Harvard Museum of Natural History (HMNH) at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, one of the Harvard Museums of Science & Culture.
They were made by Leopold and Rudolf Blaschka from 1887 through 1936 at their studio in Hosterwitz, Germany, near Dresden. The collection was commissioned by Professor George Lincoln Goodale, the first director of Harvard's Botanical Museum, to aid in teaching botany and was financed by Mary Lee Ware and her mother, Elizabeth C. Ware. There are 847 life-size models representing 780 species and varieties of plants in 164 families as well as over 3,000 models of details such as enlargements of plant parts and anatomical sections. The collection comprises approximately 4,400 individual glass models.
==The making==
In 1886 the Blaschkas were approached by Professor Goodale, who had come to Dresden for the sole purpose of finding them, with a request to make a series of glass botanical models for Harvard. Leopold was initially unwilling as his current business of selling glass marine invertebrates was hugely successful but, eventually, the famed glass artists agreed to send test-models to the U.S. and, although damaged in customs,〔http://www.cmog.org/article/glass-flowers〕 the fragments convinced Goodale that Blaschka glass art was a more than worthy educational investment. His reasons for wanting the models was simple: At that time, Harvard was the global center of botanical study. As such, Goodale wanted the best, but the only used method was showcasing pressed and carefully labeled specimens — a methodology that offered a twofold problem: being pressed, the specimens were two-dimensional and tended to lose their color. Hence they were hardly the ideal teaching tools.〔http://hmnh.harvard.edu/glass-flowers〕〔http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/goodale-george.pdf National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir〕 However, Harvard had recently procured several of the Blaschkas' marine invertebrates and, upon seeing them, Professor Goodale realized that glass flowers would solve his problem〔 as, being glass, the were both three-dimensional and would retain their color.
But investments require fund, and to cover such an expensive enterprise Goodale approached his former student Mary Lee Ware and her mother, Elizabeth C. Ware, with his idea. Being independently wealthy and (already) liberal benefactors of Harvard's botanical department,〔Flowers that never fade / Franklin Baldwin Wiley. Boston Bradlee Whidden, Publisher 1897〕 Mary convinced her mother to agree to underwrite the consignment of the uncannily lifelike models they both were enchanted by. The contract signed dictated that the Blaschkas need only work half-time on the models (beginning in 1887) but, in 1890, they and Goodale — signing on behalf of the Wares — signed an updated version that allowed Leopold and Rudolf to work on them full-time;〔Schultes, Richard Evans., William A. Davis, and Hillel Burger. The Glass Flowers at Harvard. New York: Dutton, 1982. Print.〕〔The Archives of Rudolph and Leopold Blaschka and the Ware Collection of Blaschka Glass Models of Plants - http://botlib.huh.harvard.edu/libraries/glass.htm〕 some sources detail the agreement as a shift from a 3-year contract to a 10-year one, agreed to once Goodale convinced Mary and her mother of the wisdom in doing so. Either way, the Wares liberally funded the entire enterprise, which lasted until 1936; after both Leopold and Elizabeth had died.〔 To this day the now world famous Glass Flowers are still on display at the HMNH — the exhibit itself dedicated to Dr. Charles Eliot Ware (the deceased father and husband of Mary and Elizabeth Ware respectively. Moreover, unlike the glass marine invertebrates — which were "a profitable global mail-order business"〔 —, the Glass Flowers were commissioned solely for and are unique to Harvard.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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